View source for Anna von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst, Countess of East Friesland (1501-1575)

<div>    [[File:ME1_124.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Anna von Oldenburg,

Countess of East Friesland

Source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia]'']]     Anna von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst, Countess of East Friesland: born 14 November 1501, daughter of Johann XIV, Count of Oldenburg (1460-1526) and Anne of Anhalt-Zerbst (d. 1531). She was the wife of Count [[Enno II, Count of East Friesland (1505-1540)|Enno II]] of [[East Friesland (Niedersachsen, Germany)|East Friesland]] (<em>Graf von Ostfriesland</em>, 1528-1540), and after his death she became the regent (1540-1561). In 1558 she decided that East Friesland should be governed jointly by her three sons [[Edzard II, Count of East Friesland (1532-1599)|Edzard II]] (1532-1599), Christoph (1536-1566) and Johann II (1538-1591) after her regency was over.

Anna evidently was aware of the great economic advantage of having Mennonite settlements in the country and therefore sought to protect them. In 1543 she received an imperial letter from [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500-1558)|Charles V ]]concerning the Anabaptists. In the fall of the same year her brother-in-law, Johann I, Count of [[East Friesland (Niedersachsen, Germany)|East Friesland]], brought her another letter from the emperor, in which he asked for information about[[David Joris (ca. 1501-1556)| David Joris ]]and possible measures against the Emden [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]]. She apparently paid little attention to it.

In 1544, in a sharp letter from [[Maria of Habsburg, Regent of the Netherlands (1505-1558)|Maria]], sister of Charles V, and regent of the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]], to East Friesland, Anna was ostracized and excommunicated as an offender against divine and imperial majesty, because she harbored those who had been declared to be enemies of God and the emperor. This made a deep impression. Immediately the government issued a mandate that all members of any sect, especially Anabaptists, were to leave the country at once, and that on penalty of severe punishment no one should venture to rent them houses and fields, land and goods, or offer them shelter. This mandate created consternation among the Anabaptists. When it appeared that they were on the point of leaving, [[Lasco, John á (1499-1560)|John a Lasco]] intervened and procured from the duchess a new order, banishing only chronic agitators and fanatics among the Anabaptists. Nevertheless many peaceful Anabaptists emigrated, including [[Menno Simons (1496-1561)|Menno Simons]]. The above-mentioned mandate of 1544 is the first known document to use the term "[[Mennist|Mennist]]."

On 6 April 1549 Anna issued a new edict against the Anabaptists, forbidding, on penalty of corporal punishment and confiscation of goods, any inhabitant of the realm to aid the Anabaptists in any manner. But it was apparently not strictly carried out. When she was charged with offering Anabaptists a friendly reception contrary to imperial instruction, she replied that his Majesty was poorly informed about the Anabaptists. Until her death Anna remained favorable to the Mennonites.

Anna died 24 September 1575 and was succeeded by sons Edzard II and Johann II.

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= Bibliography =
Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I, 72.

Müller, Johann Peter. <em>Die Mennoniten in Ostfriesland vom 16. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert: aktemässige kulturgeschichtliche Darstellung</em>. Emden: W. Haynel, 1887.
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