https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Friesland_Colony_(San_Pedro_Department,_Paraguay)&feed=atom&action=historyFriesland Colony (San Pedro Department, Paraguay) - Revision history2024-03-28T21:58:35ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.1https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Friesland_Colony_(San_Pedro_Department,_Paraguay)&diff=167425&oldid=prevSamSteiner: wikified table and added category2020-04-07T16:34:38Z<p>wikified table and added category</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:34, 7 April 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__FORCETOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__FORCETOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>__TOC__</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><h3>1955 Article</h3> Friesland Colony was founded in 1937 by dissatisfied settlers from the [[Fernheim Colony (Boquerón Department, Paraguay)|Fernheim Colony]] in the Paraguayan [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]], when 144 families with 748 men, women, and children left the Chaco, thinking to improve their economic lot, a hope which was not realized.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><h3>1955 Article</h3> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friesland Colony was founded in 1937 by dissatisfied settlers from the [[Fernheim Colony (Boquerón Department, Paraguay)|Fernheim Colony]] in the Paraguayan [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]], when 144 families with 748 men, women, and children left the Chaco, thinking to improve their economic lot, a hope which was not realized.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friesland is located on the east bank of the Paraguay River, approximately 70 miles (115 km) northeast of [[Asunción (Paraguay)|Asunción]], from where it was reached by river boat and horse- or ox-drawn carriages or by use of small planes, since they maintained a good though small air strip. In 1955 it contained 19,250 acres of land, of which 38 per cent consisted of dense forests, 7 per cent of "high-camp" fit for cultivation, 38 per cent of "low-camp" good for grazing, and 7 per cent swampland on which some rice was grown. The average annual rainfall was 60 inches, compared to 28-30 inches in the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]]. Cleared forest land was preferred for farming and yielded as a rule two crops annually.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friesland is located on the east bank of the Paraguay River, approximately 70 miles (115 km) northeast of [[Asunción (Paraguay)|Asunción]], from where it was reached by river boat and horse- or ox-drawn carriages or by use of small planes, since they maintained a good though small air strip. In 1955 it contained 19,250 acres of land, of which 38 per cent consisted of dense forests, 7 per cent of "high-camp" fit for cultivation, 38 per cent of "low-camp" good for grazing, and 7 per cent swampland on which some rice was grown. The average annual rainfall was 60 inches, compared to 28-30 inches in the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]]. Cleared forest land was preferred for farming and yielded as a rule two crops annually.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19" >Line 19:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 20:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Under the influence of Nazi propaganda, a considerable number of Mennonite young people returned to [[Germany|Germany]] just before [[World War (1939-1945) - Germany|World War II]], together with some entire families. -- <em>Alfred Fast</em></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Under the influence of Nazi propaganda, a considerable number of Mennonite young people returned to [[Germany|Germany]] just before [[World War (1939-1945) - Germany|World War II]], together with some entire families. -- <em>Alfred Fast</em></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><hr/> </del><h3>1990 Article</h3> Friesland Colony was the first Mennonite settlement in east [[Paraguay|Paraguay]], established in 1937 by 144 families with a church membership of 748. The settlers had left the [[Fernheim Colony (Boquerón Department, Paraguay)|Fernheim Colony]] in the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]] because they saw no economic future in the Chaco, the climate was too inhospitable for them (particularly the intense summer heat and severe sandstorms), the original villages had been located too closely together and more land was needed, and because of their opposition to the monopoly exercised by the producer-consumer [[Cooperatives|cooperative]] which regulated all commerce and prevented private enterprise.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><h3>1990 Article</h3> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friesland Colony was the first Mennonite settlement in east [[Paraguay|Paraguay]], established in 1937 by 144 families with a church membership of 748. The settlers had left the [[Fernheim Colony (Boquerón Department, Paraguay)|Fernheim Colony]] in the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]] because they saw no economic future in the Chaco, the climate was too inhospitable for them (particularly the intense summer heat and severe sandstorms), the original villages had been located too closely together and more land was needed, and because of their opposition to the monopoly exercised by the producer-consumer [[Cooperatives|cooperative]] which regulated all commerce and prevented private enterprise.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In June 1937, 6,911 hectares (17,000 acres) were purchased from Wilhelm and Arthur Strauch in [[Montevideo (Uruguay) |Montevideo]] at 10 Argentinian pesos per hectare, payable in seven years. This land is located ca. 50 km. (31 mi.) east of Puerto Rosario and 100 km. (62 mi.) by air northeast of Asunción. By September 1937 nine villages had been established with a total of 146 farms. The colony was named <em>Friesland</em> in memory of the 16th-century Frisian heritage of the settlers.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In June 1937, 6,911 hectares (17,000 acres) were purchased from Wilhelm and Arthur Strauch in [[Montevideo (Uruguay) |Montevideo]] at 10 Argentinian pesos per hectare, payable in seven years. This land is located ca. 50 km. (31 mi.) east of Puerto Rosario and 100 km. (62 mi.) by air northeast of Asunción. By September 1937 nine villages had been established with a total of 146 farms. The colony was named <em>Friesland</em> in memory of the 16th-century Frisian heritage of the settlers.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l31" >Line 31:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 33:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 27 November 1987, the colony celebrated its 50th anniversary, at which time the Paraguayan minister of agriculture, Hernando Bertoni, duly acknowledged the significant contribution of the colony. -- <em>Gerhard Ratzlaff</em></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 27 November 1987, the colony celebrated its 50th anniversary, at which time the Paraguayan minister of agriculture, Hernando Bertoni, duly acknowledged the significant contribution of the colony. -- <em>Gerhard Ratzlaff</em></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Fretz, J. Winfield. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em class="gameo_bibliography"></del>Pilgrims in Paraguay. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em></del>Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1953.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Fretz, J. Winfield. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Pilgrims in Paraguay.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1953.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Penner, Beate. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em></del>Gemeinsam Unterwegs: 75 Jahre Kolonie Friesland 1937-2012<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em></del>. San Pedro, Paraguay: Verwaltung der Kolonie Friesland, 2012.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Penner, Beate. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Gemeinsam Unterwegs: 75 Jahre Kolonie Friesland 1937-2012<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>. San Pedro, Paraguay: Verwaltung der Kolonie Friesland, 2012.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ratzlaff, Gerhard, ed. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em class="gameo_bibliography"></del>Auf den Spuren der Väter. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em></del>Filadelfia, Paraguay, 1987.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ratzlaff, Gerhard, ed. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Auf den Spuren der Väter.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>Filadelfia, Paraguay, 1987.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ratzlaff, Gerhard. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em class="gameo_bibliography"></del>Deutsches Jahrbuch für Paraguay. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em></del>1988.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ratzlaff, Gerhard. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Deutsches Jahrbuch für Paraguay.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1988.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Additional Information =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Additional Information =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><strong>Colony Website: </strong>[http://friesland.com.py/ Friesland Colony]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><strong>Colony Website: </strong>[http://friesland.com.py/ Friesland Colony]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><h3>Friesland Colony Oberschulzen</h3> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><table </del>class="<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vertical listing</del>"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">> <tr> <th></del>Oberschulze</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><h3>Friesland Colony Oberschulzen</h3> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{| </ins>class="<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">wikitable</ins>" </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></th> <th>Years</th> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Heinrich Rempel</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">! </ins>Oberschulze <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!! Years</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1937-1940<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Kornelius Kroeker</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Heinrich Rempel <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1937-1940</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1940-1946<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Willy Voth</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Kornelius Kroeker <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1940-1946</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1946-1947<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Jakob Fast</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Willy Voth <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1946-1947</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1947-1948<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Abram P. Fast</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Jakob Fast <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1947-1948</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1948-1949<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>David Wieler</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Abram P. Fast <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1948-1949</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1949-1954<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Kornelius Rempel</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>David Wieler <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1949-1954</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1954-1956<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Alfred Fast, Sr.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Kornelius Rempel <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1954-1956</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1956-1970<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Abram Penner</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Alfred Fast, Sr. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1956-1970</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1970-1975<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Kornelius Rempel</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Abram Penner <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1970-1975</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1976-1981<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Arndt Funk</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Kornelius Rempel <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1976-1981</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1982-1984<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Ewald Kliewer</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Arndt Funk <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1982-1984</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1985-1990<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Erich Weiss</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Ewald Kliewer <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1985-1990</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1991-1995<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Erwin Gossen</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Erich Weiss <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1991-1995</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1996<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Arwid Isaak</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Erwin Gossen <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1996</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>1997-2002<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Erich Weiss</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Arwid Isaak <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>1997-2002</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>2003-2005<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Hans Theodor Regier</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Erich Weiss <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>2003-2005</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>2006-2007<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Erich Weiss</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Hans Theodor Regier <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>2006-2007</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>2008<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></del>Alfred Fast, Jr.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Erich Weiss <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>2008</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|- </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> <td </del>align="right"<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></del>2009-present<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></td> </tr> </table></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>Alfred Fast, Jr. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|| </ins>align="right" <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| </ins>2009-present</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 2, p. 410-411; vol. 5, p. 313|date=December 2012|a1_last=Fast|a1_first=Alfred|a2_last=Ratzlaff|a2_first=Gerhard}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 2, p. 410-411; vol. 5, p. 313|date=December 2012|a1_last=Fast|a1_first=Alfred|a2_last=Ratzlaff|a2_first=Gerhard}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Mennonite Colonies in Paraguay]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Friesland_Colony_(San_Pedro_Department,_Paraguay)&diff=141121&oldid=prevRichardThiessen: Text replace - "emigrated to" to "immigrated to"2016-11-20T07:32:45Z<p>Text replace - "emigrated to" to "immigrated to"</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:32, 20 November 2016</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l23" >Line 23:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 23:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In June 1937, 6,911 hectares (17,000 acres) were purchased from Wilhelm and Arthur Strauch in [[Montevideo (Uruguay) |Montevideo]] at 10 Argentinian pesos per hectare, payable in seven years. This land is located ca. 50 km. (31 mi.) east of Puerto Rosario and 100 km. (62 mi.) by air northeast of Asunción. By September 1937 nine villages had been established with a total of 146 farms. The colony was named <em>Friesland</em> in memory of the 16th-century Frisian heritage of the settlers.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In June 1937, 6,911 hectares (17,000 acres) were purchased from Wilhelm and Arthur Strauch in [[Montevideo (Uruguay) |Montevideo]] at 10 Argentinian pesos per hectare, payable in seven years. This land is located ca. 50 km. (31 mi.) east of Puerto Rosario and 100 km. (62 mi.) by air northeast of Asunción. By September 1937 nine villages had been established with a total of 146 farms. The colony was named <em>Friesland</em> in memory of the 16th-century Frisian heritage of the settlers.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The pioneer years were very difficult, particularly because no cash products and market could be developed. Consequently, many settlers <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">emigrated </del>to Brazil, Canada, and Germany during the 1950s. In 1987 the inhabitants of the colony numbered 725. One of the early villages, Grünau number 4, has been completely eliminated, and another one, Grünau number 10 had only one family remaining. The colony has been able to acquire additional land: 755 hectares (1,864 acres) in 1946, 133 hectares (328 acres) in 1952, and 10,175 hectares (25,132 acres) in 1961 (the former Hutterite colony [[Primavera Hutterite Colony (Paraguay)|Primavera]]). Additional lands were acquired in 1984 and 1985, leading to a total acreage of 24,000 hectares (59,280 acres) in 1987.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The pioneer years were very difficult, particularly because no cash products and market could be developed. Consequently, many settlers <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">immigrated </ins>to Brazil, Canada, and Germany during the 1950s. In 1987 the inhabitants of the colony numbered 725. One of the early villages, Grünau number 4, has been completely eliminated, and another one, Grünau number 10 had only one family remaining. The colony has been able to acquire additional land: 755 hectares (1,864 acres) in 1946, 133 hectares (328 acres) in 1952, and 10,175 hectares (25,132 acres) in 1961 (the former Hutterite colony [[Primavera Hutterite Colony (Paraguay)|Primavera]]). Additional lands were acquired in 1984 and 1985, leading to a total acreage of 24,000 hectares (59,280 acres) in 1987.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Schools have been centralized with education possible through the ninth grade. A relatively well-equipped 24-bed hospital is in operation. Two congregations are active, the Mennonite Church ([[Kirchliche Mennoniten|Kirchen-Gemeinden]]) and the Mennonite Brethren Church. In 1987 generators provided electricity in all the villages, but it was anticipated that the national electrification program would reach the colony in the near future.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Schools have been centralized with education possible through the ninth grade. A relatively well-equipped 24-bed hospital is in operation. Two congregations are active, the Mennonite Church ([[Kirchliche Mennoniten|Kirchen-Gemeinden]]) and the Mennonite Brethren Church. In 1987 generators provided electricity in all the villages, but it was anticipated that the national electrification program would reach the colony in the near future.</div></td></tr>
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</table>RichardThiessenhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Friesland_Colony_(San_Pedro_Department,_Paraguay)&diff=91825&oldid=prevGameoAdmin: CSV import - 201308232013-08-23T14:01:53Z<p>CSV import - 20130823</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:01, 23 August 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l5" >Line 5:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 5:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friesland is located on the east bank of the Paraguay River, approximately 70 miles (115 km) northeast of [[Asunción (Paraguay)|Asunción]], from where it was reached by river boat and horse- or ox-drawn carriages or by use of small planes, since they maintained a good though small air strip. In 1955 it contained 19,250 acres of land, of which 38 per cent consisted of dense forests, 7 per cent of "high-camp" fit for cultivation, 38 per cent of "low-camp" good for grazing, and 7 per cent swampland on which some rice was grown. The average annual rainfall was 60 inches, compared to 28-30 inches in the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]]. Cleared forest land was preferred for farming and yielded as a rule two crops annually.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friesland is located on the east bank of the Paraguay River, approximately 70 miles (115 km) northeast of [[Asunción (Paraguay)|Asunción]], from where it was reached by river boat and horse- or ox-drawn carriages or by use of small planes, since they maintained a good though small air strip. In 1955 it contained 19,250 acres of land, of which 38 per cent consisted of dense forests, 7 per cent of "high-camp" fit for cultivation, 38 per cent of "low-camp" good for grazing, and 7 per cent swampland on which some rice was grown. The average annual rainfall was 60 inches, compared to 28-30 inches in the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]]. Cleared forest land was preferred for farming and yielded as a rule two crops annually.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Having the same privileges granted by the Paraguayan government to the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]] colonies, Friesland enjoyed complete freedom from military service, had its own schools, and virtually governed itself by a system of one delegate representing every ten citizens of each village under a village mayor, who in turn was responsible to the colony mayor ([[Oberschulze|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;</del>em<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&gt;</del>Oberschulze<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;</del>/em<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&gt;</del>]]). In 1953 there were nine villages with 202 families, or 1,046 souls.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Having the same privileges granted by the Paraguayan government to the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]] colonies, Friesland enjoyed complete freedom from military service, had its own schools, and virtually governed itself by a system of one delegate representing every ten citizens of each village under a village mayor, who in turn was responsible to the colony mayor ([[Oberschulze|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>em<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></ins>Oberschulze<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>/em<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></ins>]]). In 1953 there were nine villages with 202 families, or 1,046 souls.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The dwellings were made of adobe, the Zentralschule and the two churches of burned brick, all three buildings having been built with funds coming from friends in [[North America|North America]]. The building housing the Cooperativa Agricola, which took care of the colony's trade, imports, and exports, is of wood construction.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The dwellings were made of adobe, the Zentralschule and the two churches of burned brick, all three buildings having been built with funds coming from friends in [[North America|North America]]. The building housing the Cooperativa Agricola, which took care of the colony's trade, imports, and exports, is of wood construction.</div></td></tr>
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</table>GameoAdminhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Friesland_Colony_(San_Pedro_Department,_Paraguay)&diff=87610&oldid=prevGameoAdmin: CSV import - 201308202013-08-20T19:45:59Z<p>CSV import - 20130820</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:45, 20 August 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l30" >Line 30:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 27 November 1987, the colony celebrated its 50th anniversary, at which time the Paraguayan minister of agriculture, Hernando Bertoni, duly acknowledged the significant contribution of the colony. -- <em>Gerhard Ratzlaff</em></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 27 November 1987, the colony celebrated its 50th anniversary, at which time the Paraguayan minister of agriculture, Hernando Bertoni, duly acknowledged the significant contribution of the colony. -- <em>Gerhard Ratzlaff</em></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Fretz, J. Winfield. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Pilgrims in Paraguay. </em>Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1953.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Fretz, J. Winfield. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Pilgrims in Paraguay. </em>Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1953.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ratzlaff, Gerhard. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Deutsches Jahrbuch für Paraguay. </em>1988.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ratzlaff, Gerhard. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Deutsches Jahrbuch für Paraguay. </em>1988.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Additional Information =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Additional Information =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><strong>Colony Website: </strong>[http://friesland.com.py/ Friesland Colony]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><strong>Colony Website: </strong>[http://friesland.com.py/ Friesland Colony]</div></td></tr>
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<h3>1955 Article</h3> Friesland Colony was founded in 1937 by dissatisfied settlers from the [[Fernheim Colony (Boquerón Department, Paraguay)|Fernheim Colony]] in the Paraguayan [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]], when 144 families with 748 men, women, and children left the Chaco, thinking to improve their economic lot, a hope which was not realized.<br />
<br />
Friesland is located on the east bank of the Paraguay River, approximately 70 miles (115 km) northeast of [[Asunción (Paraguay)|Asunción]], from where it was reached by river boat and horse- or ox-drawn carriages or by use of small planes, since they maintained a good though small air strip. In 1955 it contained 19,250 acres of land, of which 38 per cent consisted of dense forests, 7 per cent of "high-camp" fit for cultivation, 38 per cent of "low-camp" good for grazing, and 7 per cent swampland on which some rice was grown. The average annual rainfall was 60 inches, compared to 28-30 inches in the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]]. Cleared forest land was preferred for farming and yielded as a rule two crops annually.<br />
<br />
Having the same privileges granted by the Paraguayan government to the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]] colonies, Friesland enjoyed complete freedom from military service, had its own schools, and virtually governed itself by a system of one delegate representing every ten citizens of each village under a village mayor, who in turn was responsible to the colony mayor ([[Oberschulze|&lt;em&gt;Oberschulze&lt;/em&gt;]]). In 1953 there were nine villages with 202 families, or 1,046 souls.<br />
<br />
The dwellings were made of adobe, the Zentralschule and the two churches of burned brick, all three buildings having been built with funds coming from friends in [[North America|North America]]. The building housing the Cooperativa Agricola, which took care of the colony's trade, imports, and exports, is of wood construction.<br />
<br />
The first group of immigrants coming from Europe after [[World War (1939-1945) - Soviet Union|World War II]] were temporarily housed in Friesland in 1947 because the revolution in [[Paraguay|Paraguay]] made transportation to the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]] impossible. [[Mennonite Central Committee (International)|Mennonite Central Committee]] began to take an interest in Friesland and assisted the colony in a number of ways, such as building and developing a lumber industry, and building roads and the hospital. The latter, built in 1949, had by September 1953 admitted 2,560 patients, 1,037 of whom required surgery; the rest were for the most part maternity cases. An additional 3,300 patients had been cared for with ailments ranging from smaller infections to snake bites and the very prevalent discomforts caused by various types of tropical worms. Only about 20 per cent of the patients came from the colony itself; the other 80 per cent were native Paraguayans. In 1938 two schools were built. In 1955 there were five schools with a Zentralschule in the central village for those who successfully complete the six-year course offered by the five village schools.<br />
<br />
Denominationally Friesland's people were divided between the [[Mennonite Brethren Church|Mennonite Brethren]] with 224 members and the [[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonites]] with 220 members in 1953. Problems common to both groups were referred to the <em>KfK </em>(Commission for Church Matters).<br />
<br />
Friesland was largely an agricultural colony in the 1950s. Seven acres of forest land and five of "high-camp" made up a farmstead <em>(Wirtschaft). </em>The average yield on cleared forest land was as follows: maize and kafir corn 7-10 tons per acre, manioc, if harvested the first year after planting, 50 tons, and cotton 3 1/2-5 tons per acre. The livestock industry, as in the rest of Paraguay, was probably the most profitable, but for lack of grazing land could expand in Friesland. There were in 1953 about 4,600 head of cattle, 600 horses, 480 hogs, and about 6,000 fowl. Fruit growing was also successful. The 1953 census showed 5,000 citrus fruit trees (oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit, and tangerines), 4,000 mango, papayo, and peach trees, 4,000 banana plants, and 1,150 grapevines.<br />
<br />
The development of Friesland, like that of the other Mennonite colonies in Paraguay, was made possible only through the generous assistance from North America. In spite of this the standard of living, as in the rest of Paraguay, was extremely low. Educational and cultural facilities were hardly offered in Paraguay in the 1950s. For those reasons there was a constant emigration to [[Brazil|Brazil]], the Argentine, and if at all possible to [[Canada|Canada]]. The men responsible for the welfare of the colony were of the opinion that if the colony was to succeed friends in North America must assist it in stabilizing its economy. This could perhaps be done by building and developing sugar mills to utilize the best-yielding product of the colony, and then to assist the colony in marketing as well as in imports.<br />
<br />
Under the influence of Nazi propaganda, a considerable number of Mennonite young people returned to [[Germany|Germany]] just before [[World War (1939-1945) - Germany|World War II]], together with some entire families. -- <em>Alfred Fast</em><br />
<br />
<hr/> <h3>1990 Article</h3> Friesland Colony was the first Mennonite settlement in east [[Paraguay|Paraguay]], established in 1937 by 144 families with a church membership of 748. The settlers had left the [[Fernheim Colony (Boquerón Department, Paraguay)|Fernheim Colony]] in the [[Chaco (South America)|Chaco]] because they saw no economic future in the Chaco, the climate was too inhospitable for them (particularly the intense summer heat and severe sandstorms), the original villages had been located too closely together and more land was needed, and because of their opposition to the monopoly exercised by the producer-consumer [[Cooperatives|cooperative]] which regulated all commerce and prevented private enterprise.<br />
<br />
In June 1937, 6,911 hectares (17,000 acres) were purchased from Wilhelm and Arthur Strauch in [[Montevideo (Uruguay) |Montevideo]] at 10 Argentinian pesos per hectare, payable in seven years. This land is located ca. 50 km. (31 mi.) east of Puerto Rosario and 100 km. (62 mi.) by air northeast of Asunción. By September 1937 nine villages had been established with a total of 146 farms. The colony was named <em>Friesland</em> in memory of the 16th-century Frisian heritage of the settlers.<br />
<br />
The pioneer years were very difficult, particularly because no cash products and market could be developed. Consequently, many settlers emigrated to Brazil, Canada, and Germany during the 1950s. In 1987 the inhabitants of the colony numbered 725. One of the early villages, Grünau number 4, has been completely eliminated, and another one, Grünau number 10 had only one family remaining. The colony has been able to acquire additional land: 755 hectares (1,864 acres) in 1946, 133 hectares (328 acres) in 1952, and 10,175 hectares (25,132 acres) in 1961 (the former Hutterite colony [[Primavera Hutterite Colony (Paraguay)|Primavera]]). Additional lands were acquired in 1984 and 1985, leading to a total acreage of 24,000 hectares (59,280 acres) in 1987.<br />
<br />
Schools have been centralized with education possible through the ninth grade. A relatively well-equipped 24-bed hospital is in operation. Two congregations are active, the Mennonite Church ([[Kirchliche Mennoniten|Kirchen-Gemeinden]]) and the Mennonite Brethren Church. In 1987 generators provided electricity in all the villages, but it was anticipated that the national electrification program would reach the colony in the near future.<br />
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Friesland Colony has the reputation of having introduced wheat to Paraguay. The process began with 30 hectares (74 acres) planted in 1959. These efforts soon received governmental support, with the colony being named the national center for wheat production, including providing seed grains to others. Since 1987 Paraguay no longer found it necessary to import wheat flour and credited Friesland Colony with having made a significant contribution to this achievement. Two crops were harvested annually, wheat in winter and soybeans in summer. Considerable emphasis was placed on ranching and livestock, with ca. 28,000 head in the colony in 1987.<br />
<br />
On 27 November 1987, the colony celebrated its 50th anniversary, at which time the Paraguayan minister of agriculture, Hernando Bertoni, duly acknowledged the significant contribution of the colony. -- <em>Gerhard Ratzlaff</em><br />
<br />
<br />
= Bibliography =<br />
Fretz, J. Winfield. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Pilgrims in Paraguay. </em>Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1953.<br />
<br />
Penner, Beate. <em>Gemeinsam Unterwegs: 75 Jahre Kolonie Friesland 1937-2012</em>. San Pedro, Paraguay: Verwaltung der Kolonie Friesland, 2012.<br />
<br />
Ratzlaff, Gerhard, ed. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Auf den Spuren der Väter. </em>Filadelfia, Paraguay, 1987.<br />
<br />
Ratzlaff, Gerhard. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Deutsches Jahrbuch für Paraguay. </em>1988.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Additional Information =<br />
<strong>Colony Website: </strong>[http://friesland.com.py/ Friesland Colony]<br />
<br />
<h3>Friesland Colony Oberschulzen</h3> <table class="vertical listing"> <tr> <th>Oberschulze<br />
<br />
</th> <th>Years</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Heinrich Rempel<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1937-1940</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kornelius Kroeker<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1940-1946</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Willy Voth<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1946-1947</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jakob Fast<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1947-1948</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Abram P. Fast<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1948-1949</td> </tr> <tr> <td>David Wieler<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1949-1954</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kornelius Rempel<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1954-1956</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Alfred Fast, Sr.<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1956-1970</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Abram Penner<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1970-1975</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kornelius Rempel<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1976-1981</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Arndt Funk<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1982-1984</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ewald Kliewer<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1985-1990</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Erich Weiss<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1991-1995</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Erwin Gossen<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1996</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Arwid Isaak<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">1997-2002</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Erich Weiss<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">2003-2005</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hans Theodor Regier<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">2006-2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Erich Weiss<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">2008</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Alfred Fast, Jr.<br />
<br />
</td> <td align="right">2009-present</td> </tr> </table><br />
{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 2, p. 410-411; vol. 5, p. 313|date=December 2012|a1_last=Fast|a1_first=Alfred|a2_last=Ratzlaff|a2_first=Gerhard}}</div>GameoAdmin