https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ris,_Cornelis_(1717-1790)&feed=atom&action=historyRis, Cornelis (1717-1790) - Revision history2024-03-19T05:38:14ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.1https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ris,_Cornelis_(1717-1790)&diff=146171&oldid=prevRichardThiessen: Text replace - "<em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III," to "''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III,"2017-01-16T00:58:04Z<p>Text replace - "<em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III," to "''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III,"</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friedmann, Robert. <em>Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries: its Genius and its Literature</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. Reprinted Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1976: 135 f., 253.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friedmann, Robert. <em>Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries: its Genius and its Literature</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. Reprinted Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1976: 135 f., 253.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em></del>Mennonitisches Lexikon<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em></del>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 517-19.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Mennonitisches Lexikon<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 517-19.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. <em>Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam</em>, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 933, 935 f., 938 f.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. <em>Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam</em>, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 933, 935 f., 938 f.</div></td></tr>
</table>RichardThiessenhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ris,_Cornelis_(1717-1790)&diff=117855&oldid=prevRichardThiessen: Text replace - ".<em> </em>" to ". "2014-04-12T02:53:52Z<p>Text replace - ".<em> </em>" to ". "</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Visscher, H. and L. A. van Langeraad. <em>Het protestantsche vaderland: biographisch woordenboek van protestantsche godgeleerden in Nederland, </em>8 vols.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em> </em></del>Utrecht, 1903-1918: XVI, 356.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Visscher, H. and L. A. van Langeraad. <em>Het protestantsche vaderland: biographisch woordenboek van protestantsche godgeleerden in Nederland, </em>8 vols. Utrecht, 1903-1918: XVI, 356.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Zijpp, N. van der. <em>De Belijdenisgeschriften der Nederlandse Doopsgezinden. </em>Haarlem, 1954: 21 f.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Zijpp, N. van der. <em>De Belijdenisgeschriften der Nederlandse Doopsgezinden. </em>Haarlem, 1954: 21 f.</div></td></tr>
</table>RichardThiessenhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ris,_Cornelis_(1717-1790)&diff=106497&oldid=prevRichardThiessen: Text replace - "Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III" to "Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III"2014-01-20T01:22:21Z<p>Text replace - "Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III" to "Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III"</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friedmann, Robert. <em>Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries: its Genius and its Literature</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. Reprinted Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1976: 135 f., 253.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Friedmann, Robert. <em>Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries: its Genius and its Literature</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. Reprinted Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1976: 135 f., 253.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">; </del>Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 517-19.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: </ins>Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 517-19.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. <em>Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam</em>, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 933, 935 f., 938 f.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. <em>Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam</em>, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 933, 935 f., 938 f.</div></td></tr>
</table>RichardThiessenhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ris,_Cornelis_(1717-1790)&diff=96254&oldid=prevGameoAdmin: CSV import - 201308232013-08-23T14:48:05Z<p>CSV import - 20130823</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An address to the Hoorn congregation said, "There was namely besides the Waterlander congregation, which had adopted the [[Confession of Faith (Hans de Ries, 1578)|Confession of Hans de Ries]], also a Frisian congregation, which gave considerable approval to another (confession), signed at Dordrecht on 27 September 1632, by a number of ministers: when these two congregations united in 1747, the third article of the agreement stipulated the following: The confessions of faith now adhered to by the two congregations will not be changed now; nor will the ministers and members be required to give a more specific declaration than that given when they were installed in office or admitted into the congregation; but when the two congregations are united, an attempt will be made to unify the two confessions wherein they may differ: And if an admission of members is planned, as has hitherto been customary, to proceed with such moderation that too much will not be demanded of such as are weak of understanding and tender spirits are spared" (Foreword of the German edition of the Confession of Cornelis Ris, Hamburg, 1776).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An address to the Hoorn congregation said, "There was namely besides the Waterlander congregation, which had adopted the [[Confession of Faith (Hans de Ries, 1578)|Confession of Hans de Ries]], also a Frisian congregation, which gave considerable approval to another (confession), signed at Dordrecht on 27 September 1632, by a number of ministers: when these two congregations united in 1747, the third article of the agreement stipulated the following: The confessions of faith now adhered to by the two congregations will not be changed now; nor will the ministers and members be required to give a more specific declaration than that given when they were installed in office or admitted into the congregation; but when the two congregations are united, an attempt will be made to unify the two confessions wherein they may differ: And if an admission of members is planned, as has hitherto been customary, to proceed with such moderation that too much will not be demanded of such as are weak of understanding and tender spirits are spared" (Foreword of the German edition of the Confession of Cornelis Ris, Hamburg, 1776).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thus it became a special concern to Cornelis Ris to gather into a single confession and merge the confessions of faith that seemed definitive in the <em>Algemeene Belydenissen </em>(1665) of the Zonists; namely, the [[Concept of Cologne (Anabaptists, 1591)|Concept of Cologne]], 1591; [[Outerman, Jacques (ca. 1547-ca. 1639)|Outerman]]'s Confession, 1626; [[Olive Branch Confession of Faith (1627)|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;</del>em<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&gt;</del>Olijftacxken<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;</del>/em<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&gt;</del>]], 1627; Confession of [[Cents, Jan (17th century)|Jan Cents]], 1630; [[Dordrecht Confession of Faith (Mennonite, 1632)|Dordrecht Confession]], 1632. Besides consideration for the two congregations at Hoorn, he was moved by the desire to check the rapid decline of the congregations of his time by steering them toward the old foundation of the recognized confessions (whereas van der Zijpp has shown that the congregations that were more faithful to the confessions were declining even more rapidly than the more liberal ones). In 1759 the church council of the Hoorn congregation decided to present Ris' proposal to the Zonist Sociëteit. This body approached the problem with hesitation. Nevertheless Cornelis Ris was able to present a concrete sketch in 1762 and to publish it in 1766. His caution in this matter is shown by the title of the fourth article; at first it read, "How this one God is further to be distinguished in the Holy Scriptures"; the later version says more plainly, "Of the Holy Trinity." Not until 1773 did the Sociëteit formally approve the confession. But in spite of this approval it found no enthusiastic reception by the Zonists, the [[Lamists|Lamists]], or the Old [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]]. Concerning the previous history and the difficulties in having this confession approved Ris wrote <em>Kort Berigt van't voorgevallene over de Geloofsleere </em>(Hoorn, 1776).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thus it became a special concern to Cornelis Ris to gather into a single confession and merge the confessions of faith that seemed definitive in the <em>Algemeene Belydenissen </em>(1665) of the Zonists; namely, the [[Concept of Cologne (Anabaptists, 1591)|Concept of Cologne]], 1591; [[Outerman, Jacques (ca. 1547-ca. 1639)|Outerman]]'s Confession, 1626; [[Olive Branch Confession of Faith (1627)|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>em<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></ins>Olijftacxken<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>/em<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></ins>]], 1627; Confession of [[Cents, Jan (17th century)|Jan Cents]], 1630; [[Dordrecht Confession of Faith (Mennonite, 1632)|Dordrecht Confession]], 1632. Besides consideration for the two congregations at Hoorn, he was moved by the desire to check the rapid decline of the congregations of his time by steering them toward the old foundation of the recognized confessions (whereas van der Zijpp has shown that the congregations that were more faithful to the confessions were declining even more rapidly than the more liberal ones). In 1759 the church council of the Hoorn congregation decided to present Ris' proposal to the Zonist Sociëteit. This body approached the problem with hesitation. Nevertheless Cornelis Ris was able to present a concrete sketch in 1762 and to publish it in 1766. His caution in this matter is shown by the title of the fourth article; at first it read, "How this one God is further to be distinguished in the Holy Scriptures"; the later version says more plainly, "Of the Holy Trinity." Not until 1773 did the Sociëteit formally approve the confession. But in spite of this approval it found no enthusiastic reception by the Zonists, the [[Lamists|Lamists]], or the Old [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]]. Concerning the previous history and the difficulties in having this confession approved Ris wrote <em>Kort Berigt van't voorgevallene over de Geloofsleere </em>(Hoorn, 1776).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Confession of Cornelis Ris was given the significant title <em>De Geloofsleere der waare Mennoniten of Doopsgezinden.</em> Nevertheless Cornelis Ris, like the orthodox wing of the Dutch Mennonites in general at that time, also sought contact with [[Calvinism and Mennonitism (Netherlands)|Calvinism]], the established faith; his confession, which expressly attaches itself to the Mennonite tradition, has a certain Calvinistic inclination (the doctrine of election in article IX was later moderated or left open by insertions). His 36 articles deal with all the major points of theology.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Confession of Cornelis Ris was given the significant title <em>De Geloofsleere der waare Mennoniten of Doopsgezinden.</em> Nevertheless Cornelis Ris, like the orthodox wing of the Dutch Mennonites in general at that time, also sought contact with [[Calvinism and Mennonitism (Netherlands)|Calvinism]], the established faith; his confession, which expressly attaches itself to the Mennonite tradition, has a certain Calvinistic inclination (the doctrine of election in article IX was later moderated or left open by insertions). His 36 articles deal with all the major points of theology.</div></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Besides the Hoorn congregation, the only other congregations to support it were [[Westzaan (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Westzaan]] in North Holland and [[Almelo (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Almelo]] in [[Overijssel (Netherlands)|Overijssel]], where [[Beets, Pieter (1664-1710)|Pieter Beets]], a nephew and collaborator of Cornelis Ris, was the pastor. He took a position in favor of the confession in a "Brief Report."</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Besides the Hoorn congregation, the only other congregations to support it were [[Westzaan (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Westzaan]] in North Holland and [[Almelo (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Almelo]] in [[Overijssel (Netherlands)|Overijssel]], where [[Beets, Pieter (1664-1710)|Pieter Beets]], a nephew and collaborator of Cornelis Ris, was the pastor. He took a position in favor of the confession in a "Brief Report."</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The bridge to the Hamburg-Altona congregation was built by members of the [[Beets family|Beets family]], some of whom lived there and others in Hoorn. [[Beets, Jan (1709-1788)|Jan Beets]](1708-88), of Hoorn, a follower of [[Zinzendorf, Count Nicholas Ludwig von (1700-1760)|Count Zinzendorf]] and a successful revival preacher, was a faithful adherent of Cornelis Ris. His cousin [[Beets, Gerrit (1707-1776)|Gerrit Beets]](1707-76), elder of the Hamburg-Altona congregation, fought all his life, like Ris, "that the ancient pillars should not be removed." Pieter Beets (1727-76), a nephew of Jan Beets and of Cornelis Ris, who had also been "awakened" in the early 1750's, was called from Almelo to Hamburg-Altona, recommended by his uncle Cornelis Ris, and began his service there in 1771. He was succeeded not long after by Jan Ris (1756-84), a son of Cornelis Ris, whom Pieter Beets had instructed in Hamburg-Altona, and who became a ministerial candidate in 1775, a minister in Hamburg-Altona in 1777, and an elder in 1779.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The bridge to the Hamburg-Altona congregation was built by members of the [[Beets family|Beets family]], some of whom lived there and others in Hoorn. [[Beets, Jan (1709-1788)|Jan Beets ]](1708-88), of Hoorn, a follower of [[Zinzendorf, Count Nicholas Ludwig von (1700-1760)|Count Zinzendorf]] and a successful revival preacher, was a faithful adherent of Cornelis Ris. His cousin [[Beets, Gerrit (1707-1776)|Gerrit Beets ]](1707-76), elder of the Hamburg-Altona congregation, fought all his life, like Ris, "that the ancient pillars should not be removed." Pieter Beets (1727-76), a nephew of Jan Beets and of Cornelis Ris, who had also been "awakened" in the early 1750's, was called from Almelo to Hamburg-Altona, recommended by his uncle Cornelis Ris, and began his service there in 1771. He was succeeded not long after by Jan Ris (1756-84), a son of Cornelis Ris, whom Pieter Beets had instructed in Hamburg-Altona, and who became a ministerial candidate in 1775, a minister in Hamburg-Altona in 1777, and an elder in 1779.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Hamburg the Confession of Cornelis Ris was translated into German and published in 1776. The Foreword explains that it was intended for Mennonites of Dutch extraction who were now using German in their services, and for the congregations in Southwest Germany and [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] and their "colonies" in America; it expresses the hope that the Protestants would graciously accept this work. The translator reproduced some 12 pages of the original author's 52-page introduction and added some pages of his own, making a German introduction of about half the length of the Dutch. For 1791 B. C. Roosen reported in his history of the Hamburg-Altona congregation (II, p. 55), "when the preachers of our congregation in 1791 suggested in the church council that competent preachers be sought from the outside, they added the wish that only orthodox ones adhering to the confessions of Hans de Ries and Lubbert Gerrits, Gerrit Roosen, or Cornelis Ris be invited for a visit." The same history records that on 29 May 1803, it was unanimously decided to adopt the Confession by Cornelis Ris, and that for many years each newly chosen preacher and deacon signed a copy of this confession.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Hamburg the Confession of Cornelis Ris was translated into German and published in 1776. The Foreword explains that it was intended for Mennonites of Dutch extraction who were now using German in their services, and for the congregations in Southwest Germany and [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] and their "colonies" in America; it expresses the hope that the Protestants would graciously accept this work. The translator reproduced some 12 pages of the original author's 52-page introduction and added some pages of his own, making a German introduction of about half the length of the Dutch. For 1791 B. C. Roosen reported in his history of the Hamburg-Altona congregation (II, p. 55), "when the preachers of our congregation in 1791 suggested in the church council that competent preachers be sought from the outside, they added the wish that only orthodox ones adhering to the confessions of Hans de Ries and Lubbert Gerrits, Gerrit Roosen, or Cornelis Ris be invited for a visit." The same history records that on 29 May 1803, it was unanimously decided to adopt the Confession by Cornelis Ris, and that for many years each newly chosen preacher and deacon signed a copy of this confession.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17" >Line 17:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 17:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the early 19th century, when [[Prussia|Prussia]] organized its Rhine Province (see [[Rheinland (Germany)|Rhineland]]) and sought information about its Mennonites, the Dordrecht Confession was presented as that of the stricter branch ([[Amish Mennonites|Amish]]), and the Cornelis Ris confession as that of the more lenient branch.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In the early 19th century, when [[Prussia|Prussia]] organized its Rhine Province (see [[Rheinland (Germany)|Rhineland]]) and sought information about its Mennonites, the Dordrecht Confession was presented as that of the stricter branch ([[Amish Mennonites|Amish]]), and the Cornelis Ris confession as that of the more lenient branch.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Confession of Cornelis Ris acquired new effectiveness in the 19th and 20th centuries through the work of [[Smissen, Carl Justus van der (1811-1890)|Carl Justus van der Smissen]](1811-1890), who was the minister in the [[Friedrichstadt (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)|Friedrichstadt]] Mennonite congregation 1837-68, and was then called to America to serve as a teacher in the school at [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth, Ohio]]. He revised the German translation of this confession "in order that it may not be lost to our congregations." His revision, without the Scriptural proof texts, was published as a manuscript in 1850.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Confession of Cornelis Ris acquired new effectiveness in the 19th and 20th centuries through the work of [[Smissen, Carl Justus van der (1811-1890)|Carl Justus van der Smissen ]](1811-1890), who was the minister in the [[Friedrichstadt (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)|Friedrichstadt]] Mennonite congregation 1837-68, and was then called to America to serve as a teacher in the school at [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth, Ohio]]. He revised the German translation of this confession "in order that it may not be lost to our congregations." His revision, without the Scriptural proof texts, was published as a manuscript in 1850.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In America [[Smissen, Carl Heinrich Anton van der (1851-1950)|Carl Heinrich Anton van der Smissen]](1851-1950), a son of the above, a Mennonite pastor in [[First Mennonite Church (Summerfield, Illinois, USA) |Summerfield, Illinois]], published the Cornelis Ris Confession in 1895 as an appendix to a short history of the Mennonites. This edition contained some new proof texts added by his father and Berend Roosen. This confession seemed more liberal, in America as well as in Europe, than the Dordrecht Confession, and was published by the [[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite Church]] in English in 1902 and 1904, and 1904 (with title of 1895 edition) and 1906 in German, as its recognized confession.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In America [[Smissen, Carl Heinrich Anton van der (1851-1950)|Carl Heinrich Anton van der Smissen ]](1851-1950), a son of the above, a Mennonite pastor in [[First Mennonite Church (Summerfield, Illinois, USA) |Summerfield, Illinois]], published the Cornelis Ris Confession in 1895 as an appendix to a short history of the Mennonites. This edition contained some new proof texts added by his father and Berend Roosen. This confession seemed more liberal, in America as well as in Europe, than the Dordrecht Confession, and was published by the [[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite Church]] in English in 1902 and 1904, and 1904 (with title of 1895 edition) and 1906 in German, as its recognized confession.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1778 and 1779, Cornelis Ris also published thirty sermons by his nephew after his early death. Furthermore, his glance extended beyond the ecclesiastical matters. He had since 1777 promoted the establishment of a "Patriotic Association for Shipping and Trade," and in the service of this association (which became a victim of the years of the [[French Revolution (1789-1799)|French Revolution]]) he composed in 1871 his <em>Algemeen Christelijk-Catechisatieboekje voor de kinderen van verschillende gezindten op de educatieschool der Vaderlandsche Maatschappij te Hoorn. </em></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1778 and 1779, Cornelis Ris also published thirty sermons by his nephew after his early death. Furthermore, his glance extended beyond the ecclesiastical matters. He had since 1777 promoted the establishment of a "Patriotic Association for Shipping and Trade," and in the service of this association (which became a victim of the years of the [[French Revolution (1789-1799)|French Revolution]]) he composed in 1871 his <em>Algemeen Christelijk-Catechisatieboekje voor de kinderen van verschillende gezindten op de educatieschool der Vaderlandsche Maatschappij te Hoorn. </em></div></td></tr>
</table>GameoAdminhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ris,_Cornelis_(1717-1790)&diff=84582&oldid=prevGameoAdmin: CSV import - 201308202013-08-20T19:30:44Z<p>CSV import - 20130820</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1778 and 1779, Cornelis Ris also published thirty sermons by his nephew after his early death. Furthermore, his glance extended beyond the ecclesiastical matters. He had since 1777 promoted the establishment of a "Patriotic Association for Shipping and Trade," and in the service of this association (which became a victim of the years of the [[French Revolution (1789-1799)|French Revolution]]) he composed in 1871 his <em>Algemeen Christelijk-Catechisatieboekje voor de kinderen van verschillende gezindten op de educatieschool der Vaderlandsche Maatschappij te Hoorn. </em></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1778 and 1779, Cornelis Ris also published thirty sermons by his nephew after his early death. Furthermore, his glance extended beyond the ecclesiastical matters. He had since 1777 promoted the establishment of a "Patriotic Association for Shipping and Trade," and in the service of this association (which became a victim of the years of the [[French Revolution (1789-1799)|French Revolution]]) he composed in 1871 his <em>Algemeen Christelijk-Catechisatieboekje voor de kinderen van verschillende gezindten op de educatieschool der Vaderlandsche Maatschappij te Hoorn. </em></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bender, Harold S. <em>Two Centuries of American Mennonite Literature, A Bibliography of Mennonitica Americana 1727-1928</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1929: 103, 108, 109.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bender, Harold S. <em>Two Centuries of American Mennonite Literature, A Bibliography of Mennonitica Americana 1727-1928</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1929: 103, 108, 109.</div></td></tr>
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</table>GameoAdminhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ris,_Cornelis_(1717-1790)&diff=67731&oldid=prevGameoAdmin: CSV import - 201308162013-08-16T19:47:31Z<p>CSV import - 20130816</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>Cornelis Ris, born 1717 at [[Hoorn (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Hoorn]], Dutch province of [[North Holland (Netherlands)|North Holland]], died there 18 April 1790, a [[Zonists|Zonist]] Mennonite preacher, stemmed from the influential [[Ris family|Ris family]] of [[Hoorn (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Hoorn]]. On 12 March 1746, Cornelis was installed as one of the ministers of the Hoorn [[Frisian Mennonites|Frisian]] congregation. In the 17th century Hoorn had an unusual number of Mennonite branches; in 1747 the Frisians and the [[Waterlanders|Waterlanders]], then the only remaining congregations, merged. Ris served at Hoorn until his death. His colleague [[Spis, Jacob Pietersz (1725-1810)|Jacob Spis]] delivered his funeral sermon.<br />
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An address to the Hoorn congregation said, "There was namely besides the Waterlander congregation, which had adopted the [[Confession of Faith (Hans de Ries, 1578)|Confession of Hans de Ries]], also a Frisian congregation, which gave considerable approval to another (confession), signed at Dordrecht on 27 September 1632, by a number of ministers: when these two congregations united in 1747, the third article of the agreement stipulated the following: The confessions of faith now adhered to by the two congregations will not be changed now; nor will the ministers and members be required to give a more specific declaration than that given when they were installed in office or admitted into the congregation; but when the two congregations are united, an attempt will be made to unify the two confessions wherein they may differ: And if an admission of members is planned, as has hitherto been customary, to proceed with such moderation that too much will not be demanded of such as are weak of understanding and tender spirits are spared" (Foreword of the German edition of the Confession of Cornelis Ris, Hamburg, 1776).<br />
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Thus it became a special concern to Cornelis Ris to gather into a single confession and merge the confessions of faith that seemed definitive in the <em>Algemeene Belydenissen </em>(1665) of the Zonists; namely, the [[Concept of Cologne (Anabaptists, 1591)|Concept of Cologne]], 1591; [[Outerman, Jacques (ca. 1547-ca. 1639)|Outerman]]'s Confession, 1626; [[Olive Branch Confession of Faith (1627)|&lt;em&gt;Olijftacxken&lt;/em&gt;]], 1627; Confession of [[Cents, Jan (17th century)|Jan Cents]], 1630; [[Dordrecht Confession of Faith (Mennonite, 1632)|Dordrecht Confession]], 1632. Besides consideration for the two congregations at Hoorn, he was moved by the desire to check the rapid decline of the congregations of his time by steering them toward the old foundation of the recognized confessions (whereas van der Zijpp has shown that the congregations that were more faithful to the confessions were declining even more rapidly than the more liberal ones). In 1759 the church council of the Hoorn congregation decided to present Ris' proposal to the Zonist Sociëteit. This body approached the problem with hesitation. Nevertheless Cornelis Ris was able to present a concrete sketch in 1762 and to publish it in 1766. His caution in this matter is shown by the title of the fourth article; at first it read, "How this one God is further to be distinguished in the Holy Scriptures"; the later version says more plainly, "Of the Holy Trinity." Not until 1773 did the Sociëteit formally approve the confession. But in spite of this approval it found no enthusiastic reception by the Zonists, the [[Lamists|Lamists]], or the Old [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]]. Concerning the previous history and the difficulties in having this confession approved Ris wrote <em>Kort Berigt van't voorgevallene over de Geloofsleere </em>(Hoorn, 1776).<br />
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The Confession of Cornelis Ris was given the significant title <em>De Geloofsleere der waare Mennoniten of Doopsgezinden.</em> Nevertheless Cornelis Ris, like the orthodox wing of the Dutch Mennonites in general at that time, also sought contact with [[Calvinism and Mennonitism (Netherlands)|Calvinism]], the established faith; his confession, which expressly attaches itself to the Mennonite tradition, has a certain Calvinistic inclination (the doctrine of election in article IX was later moderated or left open by insertions). His 36 articles deal with all the major points of theology.<br />
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This confession, like the Dordrecht Confession, had only temporary significance in the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]], but attained a true and wide significance outside its home. For the Confession of Cornelis Ris its relations to the Hamburg-Altona congregation and to [[North America|America]] were important.<br />
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Besides the Hoorn congregation, the only other congregations to support it were [[Westzaan (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Westzaan]] in North Holland and [[Almelo (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Almelo]] in [[Overijssel (Netherlands)|Overijssel]], where [[Beets, Pieter (1664-1710)|Pieter Beets]], a nephew and collaborator of Cornelis Ris, was the pastor. He took a position in favor of the confession in a "Brief Report."<br />
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The bridge to the Hamburg-Altona congregation was built by members of the [[Beets family|Beets family]], some of whom lived there and others in Hoorn. [[Beets, Jan (1709-1788)|Jan Beets]](1708-88), of Hoorn, a follower of [[Zinzendorf, Count Nicholas Ludwig von (1700-1760)|Count Zinzendorf]] and a successful revival preacher, was a faithful adherent of Cornelis Ris. His cousin [[Beets, Gerrit (1707-1776)|Gerrit Beets]](1707-76), elder of the Hamburg-Altona congregation, fought all his life, like Ris, "that the ancient pillars should not be removed." Pieter Beets (1727-76), a nephew of Jan Beets and of Cornelis Ris, who had also been "awakened" in the early 1750's, was called from Almelo to Hamburg-Altona, recommended by his uncle Cornelis Ris, and began his service there in 1771. He was succeeded not long after by Jan Ris (1756-84), a son of Cornelis Ris, whom Pieter Beets had instructed in Hamburg-Altona, and who became a ministerial candidate in 1775, a minister in Hamburg-Altona in 1777, and an elder in 1779.<br />
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In Hamburg the Confession of Cornelis Ris was translated into German and published in 1776. The Foreword explains that it was intended for Mennonites of Dutch extraction who were now using German in their services, and for the congregations in Southwest Germany and [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] and their "colonies" in America; it expresses the hope that the Protestants would graciously accept this work. The translator reproduced some 12 pages of the original author's 52-page introduction and added some pages of his own, making a German introduction of about half the length of the Dutch. For 1791 B. C. Roosen reported in his history of the Hamburg-Altona congregation (II, p. 55), "when the preachers of our congregation in 1791 suggested in the church council that competent preachers be sought from the outside, they added the wish that only orthodox ones adhering to the confessions of Hans de Ries and Lubbert Gerrits, Gerrit Roosen, or Cornelis Ris be invited for a visit." The same history records that on 29 May 1803, it was unanimously decided to adopt the Confession by Cornelis Ris, and that for many years each newly chosen preacher and deacon signed a copy of this confession.<br />
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In the early 19th century, when [[Prussia|Prussia]] organized its Rhine Province (see [[Rheinland (Germany)|Rhineland]]) and sought information about its Mennonites, the Dordrecht Confession was presented as that of the stricter branch ([[Amish Mennonites|Amish]]), and the Cornelis Ris confession as that of the more lenient branch.<br />
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The Confession of Cornelis Ris acquired new effectiveness in the 19th and 20th centuries through the work of [[Smissen, Carl Justus van der (1811-1890)|Carl Justus van der Smissen]](1811-1890), who was the minister in the [[Friedrichstadt (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)|Friedrichstadt]] Mennonite congregation 1837-68, and was then called to America to serve as a teacher in the school at [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth, Ohio]]. He revised the German translation of this confession "in order that it may not be lost to our congregations." His revision, without the Scriptural proof texts, was published as a manuscript in 1850.<br />
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In America [[Smissen, Carl Heinrich Anton van der (1851-1950)|Carl Heinrich Anton van der Smissen]](1851-1950), a son of the above, a Mennonite pastor in [[First Mennonite Church (Summerfield, Illinois, USA) |Summerfield, Illinois]], published the Cornelis Ris Confession in 1895 as an appendix to a short history of the Mennonites. This edition contained some new proof texts added by his father and Berend Roosen. This confession seemed more liberal, in America as well as in Europe, than the Dordrecht Confession, and was published by the [[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite Church]] in English in 1902 and 1904, and 1904 (with title of 1895 edition) and 1906 in German, as its recognized confession.<br />
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In 1778 and 1779, Cornelis Ris also published thirty sermons by his nephew after his early death. Furthermore, his glance extended beyond the ecclesiastical matters. He had since 1777 promoted the establishment of a "Patriotic Association for Shipping and Trade," and in the service of this association (which became a victim of the years of the [[French Revolution (1789-1799)|French Revolution]]) he composed in 1871 his <em>Algemeen Christelijk-Catechisatieboekje voor de kinderen van verschillende gezindten op de educatieschool der Vaderlandsche Maatschappij te Hoorn. </em><br />
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= Bibliography =<br />
Bender, Harold S. <em>Two Centuries of American Mennonite Literature, A Bibliography of Mennonitica Americana 1727-1928</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1929: 103, 108, 109.<br />
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<em>Catalogus der werken over de Doopsgezinden en hunne geschiedenis aanwezig in de bibliotheek der Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam.</em> Amsterdam: J. H. de Bussy, 1919: 173, 220, 243, 247, 253, 265.<br />
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Cate, Steven Blaupot ten. <em>Geschiedenis der Doopsgezinden in Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht en Gelderland</em>, 2 vols. Amsterdam: P.N. van Kampen, 1847: v. II, 36, 87, 180.<br />
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Crous, Ernst. "Wie die Mennoniten in die deutsche Volksgemeinschaft hineinwuchsen." <em>Mennonitische Geschichtsblätter</em> (1939): 13-24 (reprint Karlsruhe, 1939).<br />
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Dollinger, R. <em>Geschichte der Mennoniten in Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg und Lübeck</em>. Neumünster, 1930: 58-61, 182.<br />
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<em>Doopsgezinde Bijdragen</em> (1898): 14 f.<br />
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<em>Doopsgezind Jaarboekje </em>(1837): 46; (1840): 116; (1940): 58.<br />
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Friedmann, Robert. <em>Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries: its Genius and its Literature</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. Reprinted Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1976: 135 f., 253.<br />
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Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 517-19.<br />
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Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. <em>Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam</em>, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 933, 935 f., 938 f.<br />
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Molhuysen, P. C. and P. J. Blok. <em>Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek,</em> 10 vols. Leiden, 1911-1937: v. X, 817 f.<br />
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Naamlijst der tegenwoordig <em>in dienst zijnde predikanten der Mennoniten in de vereenigde Nederlanden.</em> Amsterdam: 1791, 62.<br />
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Roosen, B. C. <em>Geschichte der Mennoniten-Gemeinde zu Hamburg und Altona </em>II. Hamburg, 1887: 50-55, 65, 68, 83.<br />
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Smith, C. Henry. <em>The Story of the Mennonites. </em>Newton, 1950: 680-82, 747-772.<br />
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Visscher, H. and L. A. van Langeraad. <em>Het protestantsche vaderland: biographisch woordenboek van protestantsche godgeleerden in Nederland, </em>8 vols.<em> </em>Utrecht, 1903-1918: XVI, 356.<br />
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Zijpp, N. van der. <em>De Belijdenisgeschriften der Nederlandse Doopsgezinden. </em>Haarlem, 1954: 21 f.<br />
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Zijpp, N. van der. <em>Geschiedenis der Doopsgezinden in Nederland. </em>Arnhem, 1952: 165, 167-69, 179.<br />
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