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| − | + | [[File:Kazakhstan_Map.gif|300px|thumb|right|''Kazakhstan. World Factbook map, 2006 '']] Karaganda, a city of (in 1987) 650,000 inhabitants (in 1999, 437,000 inhabitants), is located in the heart of the steppes of the [[Kazakhstan, Republic of|Republic of Kazakhstan]]. (Kazakhstan gained independence from the former [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]] in 1991). The city was founded in the 1930s and became the coal mining center of the Soviet Union. From its beginning Mennonites, especially ministers, were exiled there as criminals. In 1941, the entire [[Alexandertal Mennonite Settlement (Samara Oblast, Russia)|Alexandertal (Alt-Samara)]] settlement was exiled to this area. | |
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| − | '']] Karaganda, a city of (in 1987) 650,000 inhabitants (in 1999, 437,000 inhabitants), is located in the heart of the steppes of the [[Kazakhstan, Republic of|Republic of Kazakhstan]]. (Kazakhstan gained independence from the former [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]] in 1991). The city was founded in the 1930s and became the coal mining center of the Soviet Union. From its beginning Mennonites, especially ministers, were exiled there as criminals. In 1941, the entire [[Alexandertal Mennonite Settlement (Samara Oblast, Russia)|Alexandertal (Alt-Samara)]] settlement was exiled to this area. | ||
A small Baptist congregation was founded in the city immediately following World War II. This also served the spiritual needs of many homeless Mennonites. After 1956, when Germans were allowed to move more freely, a steady stream of Mennonites who had been scattered throughout the land came to Karaganda. The first [[Mennonite Brethren Church|Mennonite Brethren]] congregation was founded here in December 1956 and grew to a membership of 900 by 1958. A Mennonite church (kirchliche Mennoniten) was also established, both congregations working cordially with each other. In 1967 both congregations were registered with the Soviet Union's Ministry of Cults. The Mennonite Brethren congregation was permitted to build its own house of worship, which the Mennonite church also used. After 1986 the latter had their own meetinghouse. Preaching and singing was done exclusively in German in both congregations, but exceptions were made at weddings and funerals since Russian-speaking visitors also participated. The probability of increasing use of the Russian language was clear. | A small Baptist congregation was founded in the city immediately following World War II. This also served the spiritual needs of many homeless Mennonites. After 1956, when Germans were allowed to move more freely, a steady stream of Mennonites who had been scattered throughout the land came to Karaganda. The first [[Mennonite Brethren Church|Mennonite Brethren]] congregation was founded here in December 1956 and grew to a membership of 900 by 1958. A Mennonite church (kirchliche Mennoniten) was also established, both congregations working cordially with each other. In 1967 both congregations were registered with the Soviet Union's Ministry of Cults. The Mennonite Brethren congregation was permitted to build its own house of worship, which the Mennonite church also used. After 1986 the latter had their own meetinghouse. Preaching and singing was done exclusively in German in both congregations, but exceptions were made at weddings and funerals since Russian-speaking visitors also participated. The probability of increasing use of the Russian language was clear. | ||
Membership in the Mennonite Brethren congregation exceeded 1,000 in 1986. [[Choirs|Choirs]], Sunday school activities for children, and youth work were carried out. The Mennonite church congregation was not as large. A second Mennonite Brethren congregation, unregistered, met in private homes throughout the city. Circa 20,000 of the 70-80,000 German inhabitants of the city are of Mennonite background. | Membership in the Mennonite Brethren congregation exceeded 1,000 in 1986. [[Choirs|Choirs]], Sunday school activities for children, and youth work were carried out. The Mennonite church congregation was not as large. A second Mennonite Brethren congregation, unregistered, met in private homes throughout the city. Circa 20,000 of the 70-80,000 German inhabitants of the city are of Mennonite background. | ||
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= Bibliography = | = Bibliography = | ||
| − | Wölk, Heinrich and Gerhard Wölk. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Die Mennoniten Brüdergemeinde in Rußland, 1925-1980. </em>Fresno: Center for Mennonite Brethren Studies, 1981. English translation as A <em class="gameo_bibliography">Wilderness Journey. </em>Fresno, CA, 1982. | + | Wölk, Heinrich and Gerhard Wölk. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Die Mennoniten Brüdergemeinde in Rußland, 1925-1980. </em>Fresno: Center for Mennonite Brethren Studies, 1981. English translation as A <em class="gameo_bibliography">Wilderness Journey. </em>Fresno, CA, 1982. Available in full electronic text at: https://archive.org/details/WildernessJourneyMennoniteBrethrenChurchInRussiaOcr |
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{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 5, p. 480|date=1987|a1_last=Wölk|a1_first=Heinrich|a2_last= |a2_first= }} | {{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 5, p. 480|date=1987|a1_last=Wölk|a1_first=Heinrich|a2_last= |a2_first= }} | ||
Latest revision as of 01:46, 10 March 2019
Karaganda, a city of (in 1987) 650,000 inhabitants (in 1999, 437,000 inhabitants), is located in the heart of the steppes of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (Kazakhstan gained independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991). The city was founded in the 1930s and became the coal mining center of the Soviet Union. From its beginning Mennonites, especially ministers, were exiled there as criminals. In 1941, the entire Alexandertal (Alt-Samara) settlement was exiled to this area.
A small Baptist congregation was founded in the city immediately following World War II. This also served the spiritual needs of many homeless Mennonites. After 1956, when Germans were allowed to move more freely, a steady stream of Mennonites who had been scattered throughout the land came to Karaganda. The first Mennonite Brethren congregation was founded here in December 1956 and grew to a membership of 900 by 1958. A Mennonite church (kirchliche Mennoniten) was also established, both congregations working cordially with each other. In 1967 both congregations were registered with the Soviet Union's Ministry of Cults. The Mennonite Brethren congregation was permitted to build its own house of worship, which the Mennonite church also used. After 1986 the latter had their own meetinghouse. Preaching and singing was done exclusively in German in both congregations, but exceptions were made at weddings and funerals since Russian-speaking visitors also participated. The probability of increasing use of the Russian language was clear.
Membership in the Mennonite Brethren congregation exceeded 1,000 in 1986. Choirs, Sunday school activities for children, and youth work were carried out. The Mennonite church congregation was not as large. A second Mennonite Brethren congregation, unregistered, met in private homes throughout the city. Circa 20,000 of the 70-80,000 German inhabitants of the city are of Mennonite background.
Bibliography
Wölk, Heinrich and Gerhard Wölk. Die Mennoniten Brüdergemeinde in Rußland, 1925-1980. Fresno: Center for Mennonite Brethren Studies, 1981. English translation as A Wilderness Journey. Fresno, CA, 1982. Available in full electronic text at: https://archive.org/details/WildernessJourneyMennoniteBrethrenChurchInRussiaOcr
| Author(s) | Heinrich Wölk |
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| Date Published | 1987 |
Cite This Article
MLA style
Wölk, Heinrich. "Karaganda (Kazakhstan)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1987. Web. 16 Apr 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Karaganda_(Kazakhstan)&oldid=163495.
APA style
Wölk, Heinrich. (1987). Karaganda (Kazakhstan). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 16 April 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Karaganda_(Kazakhstan)&oldid=163495.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, p. 480. All rights reserved.
©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.